Imperatorial Issues
M. Aemilius Lepidus and Octavianus. Denarius, Italy late 43, AR 3.62 g. LEPIDVS·PONT·MAX – III·V·R·P·C Bare head of Lepidus r. Rev. CAESAR·IMP (ligate)·III·VIR·R·P·C Bare head of Octavian r. Babelon Aemilia 35 and Julia 71. Sydenham 1323a. Sear Imperators 140. Woytek Arma et Nummi p. 558. RBW 1752. Crawford 495/2a.
Very rare. Light iridescent tone and very fine Ex Freeman & Sear Mail Bid sale 13, 2006, 55.

Lepidus is an intriguing figure, having had the distinct honour of being one of the few leaders of the civil war following the death of Julius Caesar to have lived out his life and died of natural causes. He was a loyal backer of Julius Caesar who, in fact, had dined at Lepidus’ home the night before he was murdered. Lepidus had been a military figure in Spain in support of Caesar and had received a triumph at Rome for his actions there. He was also elected consul in 46 BC. After Caesar’s assassination Lepidus recommended swift action against the conspirators. He instead was urged to have the senate ratify his positions and await a peaceful resolution. Shortly after Caesar’s death he was named Pontifex Maximus, a title he would hold until his death.

Lepidus was sent to Spain to settle the unrest there, which was coming back to life with Sextus Pompey reorganizing the followers of Pompey. His successful negotiations led to Lepidus being given control of Spain and Gaul and his legions were stationed in Gaul when Antony attempted to siege Mutina. After that failure Antony moved his remaining soldiers to Gaul and successfully negotiated an agreement with Lepidus – against the hopes of the senate. When Octavian returned to meet with Antony to determine their next move in restoring the Caesarian regime, Lepidus was included in their pact which was formalised by senate ratification of the Lex Titia which officialised the ”Second Triumvirate.”

Initially Lepidus had a major role in this arrangement and Octavian was clearly relegated to being the junior member of the partnership. Lepidus was eventually located in North Africa and he was involved in the final battle to take back control of Sicily from Sextus Pompey. He attempted to usurp the growing powers of Octavian but was rebuffed and, as a result, lost all triumviral powers and was exiled. He was allowed to retain his title of Pontifex Maximus and periodically was able to return to Rome for celebrations.

He died peacefully in either 13 or 12 BC. Soon thereafter Octavian, now renamed Augustus, assumed the role of Pontifex Maximus and this title would be conferred on most succeeding emperors. MSG.